Salt is existent in all animal and vegetable life and is coeval with life itself. Salt was the name originally given to the residue left by evaporation of sea water. Afterwards the name was employed to include all substances held in solution in sea water. Chemists ultimately extended the name to cover all combinations of an acid and a base. Sodium chloride (NaCl) now called common salt, is an example of the simplest type of chemical salt. Sodium chloride is an essential constituent of the body fluids and is responsible for a number of vital functions in the body. Iodizing salt for human consumption is a modern trend. Iodine is used in the body for formation of thyroxin an essential hormone. Salt is used as a medium in supply iodine to the body. Iodization of common salts has been recognized all over the world to meet the deficiency of iodine to eradicate goiter. The only iodizing agent so far approved for table salt is potassium iodide. It is present at a concentration of (0.01%). In the presence of moisture, potassium iodide is unstable, especially in an acid environment. Therefore, the iodizing solution added to salt contains sodium carbonate or bicarbonate for alkalinity, plus a stabilizer such as sodium thiosulphate or dextrose. Without stabilization, potassium iodide is oxidised by air to iodine. Chlorinated water may liberate iodine from iodized salt. Potassium iodate and calcium iodate would more stable than potassium iodide, but they are not approved for table salt. A normal person requirement is around 75 mg iodine per year for the thyroid gland. To ensure this supply, it is added to salt for human consumption and to animal feedstuffs. The use of iodized salt has markedly reduced the incidence of goiter in certain iodine-deficient areas. The average daily iodine intake of humans now ranges between 200 and 700 microgram and varies considerably from region to region. It is very difficult to define the normal range of iodine intake in humans and despite efforts to provide iodine supplementation in many geographic areas of the world, endemic iodine deficiency and to its attendant goiter iodine a world health problem. Exposure to excess iodine may sometimes lead to the development of thyroid disease. Salt is a basic element in food of any living being including vegetations. Salt as a chemical also is of significant importance, as raw material in chlor alkali industry and some other inorganic chemicals. Its use in detergents, fertilizers etc. are also important. Salt industry is one of the very old industries. However, due to its wide spread use all over the world and also due to increasing demand for refined, iodized, super quality salts, even today, the industry provide very big scope for new investment in salt cultivation and also number of forward and backward linkages. Today out of the total salt produced 28.91 percent is produced by large salt works while 76.07 by salt farms. India is well endowed with saline water due to long coastal lines on 3 sides of the country. However, salt is not produced only on coastal lines. There are salt lakes and also salt spring. Subsoil brine is also used for salt manufacturing. Gujarat, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu are the main states to produce salt in India. The manufacturing process being simple, in all of these states small, farm cultivation of salt is quite popular. There is a very good scope in this field and new entrepreneurs should venture into this sector. Few Indian Major Players are as under: Ankur Chemfood Ltd. G Das & Co. Pvt. Ltd. Hindustan Salts Ltd. Nirma Ltd. Rasoi Ltd. Saboo Sodium Chloro Ltd. Sahayamatha Salt Refinery Ltd. Sambhar Salts Ltd. Super Salts Pvt. Ltd. Tamil Nadu Salt Corpn. Ltd. Tata Chemicals Ltd. Tuticorin Salt & Marine Chemicals Ltd. Vaibhav Enterprises Ltd.